Hafnium

Hafnium,  ₇₂Hf

ngoi-kôn
steel gray Spectral lines of hafnium (400–700 nm)
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	hafnium, Hf
ngoi-hìn	steel gray
Hafnium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
Zr ↑ Hf ↓ Rf lutetium ← hafnium → tantalum
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	72
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)	178.49(2)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	ko-thu kîm-su̍k
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	4 chhu̍k, d-block
chû-khì	period 6
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	2506 K ​(2233 °C, ​4051 °F)
pui-tiám	4876 K ​(4603 °C, ​8317 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	13.31 g·cm−3
12 g·cm−3
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	27.2 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	648 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	25.73 J·mol−1·K−1
chîn-hi-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k chhai T (K) 2689 2954 3277 3679 4194 4876
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	4, 3, 2, 1, −2 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 1.3
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 159 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	175±10 pm

Hafnium he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Hf, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 72.