Thorium

Thorium (Hon-ngî: 釷 tǔ) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Th, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 90.

Thorium,  ₉₀Th

ngoi-kôn
silvery, often with black tarnish
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	Thorium, Th
ngoi-hìn	silvery, often with black tarnish
Thorium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
Ce ↑ Th ↓ (Uqb) actinium ← Thorium → protactinium
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	90
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)	232.0377(4)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	actinium-hi
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	n/a, f-block
chû-khì	period 7
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Rn] 6d2 7s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	2023 K ​(1750 °C, ​3182 °F)
pui-tiám	5061 K ​(4788 °C, ​8650 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	11.724 g·cm−3
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	13.81 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	514 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	26.230 J·mol−1·K−1
chîn-hi-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k chhai T (K) 2633 2907 3248 3683 4259 5055
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	4, 3, 2, 1
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 1.3
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 587 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1110 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 1930 kJ·mol−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 179.8 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	206±6 pm
Miscellanea
Chîn-thí keu-chho	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Sâng-suk thin rod	2490 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Ngie̍t-phàng-chong	11.0 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t	54.0 W·m−1·K−1
Thien-chú-li̍t	157 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Chhṳ̀-sin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	31 GPa
Bulk modulus	54 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.27
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	295–685 MPa
Brinell hardness	390–1500 MPa
CAS Registry Number	7440-29-1
Le̍k-sú
Hí-miàng	after Thor, the Norse god of thunder
Fat-hien	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829)
Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
Chú vùn-chông: Thorium ke thùng-vi-su
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 227Th trace 18.68 d α 6.038 5.978 223Ra 228Th trace 1.9116 y α 5.520 224Ra 229Th trace 7917 y α 5.168 225Ra 230Th trace 75400 y α 4.770 226Ra 231Th trace 25.5 h β− 0.39 231Pa 232Th 100% 1.405×1010 y α 4.083 228Ra 234Th trace 24.1 d β− 0.27 234Pa