Thùng

Thùng, ₂₉Cu
ngoi-kôn
	red-orange metallic luster; ; Native copper (~4 cm in size)
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	Thùng, Cu
Yîn-ngî	copper
ngoi-hìn	red-orange metallic luster
Thùng chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
	nickel ← Thùng → Â-yèn
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	29
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)	63.546(3)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	ko-thu kîm-su̍k
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	11 chhu̍k, d-block
chû-khì	period 4
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Ar] 3d10 4s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 1
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F)
pui-tiám	2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	8.96 g·cm−3
	8.02 g·cm−3
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	13.26 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	300.4 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	24.440 J·mol−1·K−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	−2, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 1.90
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 745.5 kJ·mol−1 ; 2nd: 1957.9 kJ·mol−1 ; 3rd: 3555 kJ·mol−1 ; (more)
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 128 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	132±4 pm
Van der Waals pan-kang	140 pm
Miscellanea
Chîn-thí keu-chho	face-centered cubic (fcc)
Sâng-suk thin rod	(annealed); 3810 m·s−1 (at r.t.)
Ngie̍t-phàng-chong	16.5 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t	401 W·m−1·K−1
Thien-chú-li̍t	16.78 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chhṳ̀-sin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	110–128 GPa
Shear modulus	48 GPa
Bulk modulus	140 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	343–369 MPa
Brinell hardness	235–878 MPa
CAS Registry Number	7440-50-8
Le̍k-sú
Hí-miàng	after Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium)
Fat-hien	Middle East (9000 BCE)
Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
	Chú vùn-chông: Thùng ke thùng-vi-su

Liá-piên "Thùng" ke ya̍p-mien he pha̍k-fa-sṳ, yû hon-sṳ lièn-kiet"銅" ke ya̍p-mien chhai liá-hong tiám-chhut.

Thùng he fùng-thùng kâ-ngi̍p siak fe̍t-tsá yèn ke ha̍p-kîm. Yîn-vi péu-mien tshiâng-fôi, pûn-ngìn tshṳ̂n-tso tshiâng-thùng. Thùng khiòng-thu kô-kip, yùng-tiám lài-lài, yì-yèn Fa-ho̍k sin-tsṳt vún-thin.

↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[IUPAC-1] Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[2] Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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