Thùng

Liá-piên "Thùng" ke ya̍p-mien he pha̍k-fa-sṳ, yû hon-sṳ lièn-kiet"銅" ke ya̍p-mien chhai liá-hong tiám-chhut.

Thùng (銅) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fù-ho Cu, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 29.

Thùng,  ₂₉Cu

ngoi-kôn
red-orange metallic luster Native copper (~4 cm in size)
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	Thùng, Cu
Yîn-ngî	copper
ngoi-hìn	red-orange metallic luster
Thùng chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
– ↑ Cu ↓ Ag nickel ← Thùng → Â-yèn
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	29
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)	63.546(3)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	ko-thu kîm-su̍k
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	11 chhu̍k, d-block
chû-khì	period 4
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Ar] 3d10 4s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 1
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	1357.77 K ​(1084.62 °C, ​1984.32 °F)
pui-tiám	2835 K ​(2562 °C, ​4643 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	8.96 g·cm−3
8.02 g·cm−3
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	13.26 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	300.4 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	24.440 J·mol−1·K−1
chîn-hi-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k chhai T (K) 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2834
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	−2, +1, +2, +3, +4 ​(a mildly basic oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 1.90
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 745.5 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1957.9 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 3555 kJ·mol−1 (more)
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 128 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	132±4 pm
Van der Waals pan-kang	140 pm
Miscellanea
Chîn-thí keu-chho	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Sâng-suk thin rod	(annealed) 3810 m·s−1 (at r.t.)
Ngie̍t-phàng-chong	16.5 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t	401 W·m−1·K−1
Thien-chú-li̍t	16.78 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chhṳ̀-sin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	110–128 GPa
Shear modulus	48 GPa
Bulk modulus	140 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	343–369 MPa
Brinell hardness	235–878 MPa
CAS Registry Number	7440-50-8
Le̍k-sú
Hí-miàng	after Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium)
Fat-hien	Middle East (9000 BCE)
Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
Chú vùn-chông: Thùng ke thùng-vi-su
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 63Cu 69.15% 63Cu is stable with 34 neutrons 64Cu syn 12.700 h ε – 64Ni β− – 64Zn 65Cu 30.85% 65Cu is stable with 36 neutrons 67Cu syn 61.83 h β− – 67Zn