"Liu̍k" siû-thin kiên ke chhâ-phe̍t
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無編輯摘要 |
無編輯摘要 |
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Thi 1 hàng:
{{Infobox element
|name=Liu̍k
|enname=chlorine
|number=17
|symbol=Cl
|left=[[Liù-vòng]]
|right=[[argon]]
|above=[[Fuk|F]]
|below=[[Chhiu|Br]]
|series=sûng-ngièn-chṳ́ fî-kîm-su̍k
|series comment=
|group=17
|period=3
|block=p
|series color=
|appearance=pale yellow-green gas
|image name=Chlorine ampoule.jpg
|image size=
|image name comment=A glass container filled with chlorine gas
|image name 2=Chlorine spectrum visible.png
|image name 2 comment=[[Emission line]] spectra; 400–700 nm
|atomic mass=35.45
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="CIAAW">[http://www.ciaaw.org/pubs/TSAW2013_xls.xls Conventional Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=
|atomic mass comment=(35.446–35.457)<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|electron configuration=[[[neon|Ne]]] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>5</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 7
|color=
|phase=hi-thí
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=3.2
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3mp=
|density gpcm3bp=1.5625
|density gpcm3bp ref=<ref>[http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/Encyclopedia.asp?LanguageID=11&CountryID=19&Formula=&GasID=13&UNNumber=&EquivGasID=3&PressionBox=&VolLiquideBox=&MasseLiquideBox=&VolGasBox=&MasseGasBox=&RD20=29&RD9=8&RD6=64&RD4=2&RD3=22&RD8=27&RD2=20&RD18=41&RD7=18&RD13=71&RD16=35&RD12=31&RD19=34&RD24=62&RD25=77&RD26=78&RD28=81&RD29=82 Chlorine], Gas Encyclopaedia, Air Liquide</ref>
|melting point K=171.6
|melting point C=−101.5
|melting point F=−150.7
|boiling point K=239.11
|boiling point C=−34.04
|boiling point F=−29.27
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=416.9
|critical point MPa=7.991
|heat fusion=(Cl<sub>2</sub>) 6.406
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=(Cl<sub>2</sub>) 20.41
|heat capacity=(Cl<sub>2</sub>)<br/>33.949
|vapor pressure 1=128
|vapor pressure 10=139
|vapor pressure 100=153
|vapor pressure 1 k=170
|vapor pressure 10 k=197
|vapor pressure 100 k=239
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=orthorhombic
|oxidation states='''7''', 6, '''5''', 4, '''3''', 2, '''1''', '''−1'''
|oxidation states comment=(a strongly [[acid]]ic oxide)
|electronegativity=3.16
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=1251.2
|ionization energy 2=2298
|ionization energy 3=3822
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=102±4
|Van der Waals radius=175
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=>10
|thermal conductivity=8.9{{e|-3}}
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=206
|speed of sound comment=(gas, at 0 °C)
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=
|CAS number=7782-50-5
|isotopes=
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=35 | sym=Cl | na=75.77% | n=18 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=36 | sym=Cl | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E12 s|3.01×10<sup>5</sup> y]] | dm1=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=0.709 | link1=argon-36 | pn1=36 | ps1=Ar | dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=– | link2=sulfur-36 | pn2=36 | ps2=S }}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=37 | sym=Cl | na=24.23% | n=20 |firstlinks=no}}
|isotopes comment=
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]]
|discovery date=1774
|history comment label=Recognized as an [[chemical element|element]] by
|history comment=[[Humphry Davy]] (1808)
}}
'''Liu̍k''' (綠, 氯), fe̍t-chá ham-cho '''yàm-su''' (鹽素), he yit-chúng [[fa-ho̍k]] [[ngièn-su]], fa-ho̍k fù-ho he '''Cl''', ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he '''18''', chhai [[ngièn-su chû-khì-péu]] chûng thi sṳ̍p-pat vi.
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