"Lìn" siû-thin kiên ke chhâ-phe̍t
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Thi 1 hàng:
{{infobox element
|name=Lìn
|enname=phosphorus
|number=15
|symbol=P
|left=[[Si̍t]]
|right=[[Liù-vòng]]
|above=[[Tham|N]]
|below=[[Phî|As]]
|series=tô-ngièn-chṳ́ fî-kîm-su̍k
|series comment=ū-sî hong hun chò [[lūi-kim-sio̍k]]
|group=15
|period=3
|block=p
|series color=
|appearance=bû-sek, la̍h-pe̍h, n̂g-sek, chu-âng, âng-sek, sam-kong-chhiⁿ, o͘-sek
|image name=PhosphComby.jpg
|image name comment=la̍h-pe̍h (tòa n̂g kak), âng-sek, kap sam-kong-chhiⁿ ê lîn
|image name 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|atomic mass=30.973761998
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=5
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[neon|Ne]]] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>3</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 5
|color=
|phase=ku-thí
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=white: 1.823 g·cm<sup>−3</sup><br>red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm<sup>−3</sup><br>violet: 2.36 g·cm<sup>−3</sup><br>black: 2.69
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3nrt 3=
|density gpcm3mp=
|melting point K=<!-- (white) 317.4 K, (red) ≈ 852 K, (black) 883 K -->
|melting point C=white: 44.2 °C<br>black: 610
|melting point F=<!-- (white) 112 °F, (red) ≈ 1075 °F, (black) 1130 °F -->
|sublimation point K=<!-- (red) ≈ 689.2–863 K, (violet) 893 K -->
|sublimation point C=red: ≈ 416–590 °C<br>violet: 620
|sublimation point F=<!-- (red) ≈ 780.8–1094 °F, (violet) 1148 °F -->
|boiling point K=<!-- (white) 553.7 K -->
|boiling point C=white: 280.5
|boiling point F=<!-- (white) 536.9 °F -->
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
<!--|triple point K 2=862.6 -?no pressure -->
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=white: 0.66
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=white: 51.9
|heat capacity=white: 23.824
|vapor pressure 1=279
|vapor pressure 10=307
|vapor pressure 100=342
|vapor pressure 1 k=388
|vapor pressure 10 k=453
|vapor pressure 100 k=549
|vapor pressure comment=(white)
|vapor pressure 1 2=455
|vapor pressure 10 2=489
|vapor pressure 100 2=529
|vapor pressure 1 k 2=576
|vapor pressure 10 k 2=635
|vapor pressure 100 k 2=704
|vapor pressure 2 comment=(red, b.p. 431 °C)
|crystal structure=body-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''5''', 4, '''3''', 2,<ref>[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/P/H4P2-13445506.html webelements]</ref> 1,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic060186o|pmid=16903744|title=Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds|year=2006|last1=Ellis|first1=Bobby D.|last2=MacDonald|first2=Charles L. B.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=45|issue=17|pages=6864–74}}</ref> −1, −2, '''−3'''
|oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[acid]]ic oxide)
|electronegativity=2.19
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=1011.8
|ionization energy 2=1907
|ionization energy 3=2914.1
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=107±3
|Van der Waals radius=180
|magnetic ordering=white, red, violet, black: [[diamagnetic]]<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|thermal conductivity=white: 0.236
|thermal conductivity 2=black: 12.1
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=white: 5 GPa<br/>red: 11
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=
|CAS number=white: 12185-10-3<br>red: 7723-14-0
|isotopes=
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=31 | sym=P | na=100% | n=16 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=32 | sym=P | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=14.28 d | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=1.709 | link1=sulfur-32 | pn=32|ps=S}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=33 | sym=P | na=syn | hl=25.3 d | dm=β<sup>−</sup> | de=0.249 | link1=sulfur-33 | pn=33|ps=S}}
|isotopes comment=
|predicted by=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=[[Hennig Brand]]
|discovery date=1669
|first isolation by=
|first isolation date=
|named by=
|named date=
|history comment label=Recognized as an element by
|history comment= [[Antoine Lavoisier]]<ref>cf. "[http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/Lavoisier1.html Memoir on Combustion in General]" ''Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences'' 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, ''A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900'' (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)</ref> (1777)
}}
'''Lìn''' (燐, 磷) he yit-tsúng [[Fa-ho̍k]] [[Ngièn-su]], fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì '''P''', ngièn-tsṳ́ su-muk he '''15''', tshai [[Ngièn-su Tsû-khì péu]] chûng thi-sṳ̍p-ńg vi.
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