Amsterdam

Amsterdam he Hò-làn sú-tû khi̍p chui-thai sàng-sṳ, vi-yî kâi koet sî-phu sén-fun pet Hò-làn sén. Kîn-kí 2008-ngièn 1-ngie̍t ke thúng-kie-sú-kí, liá chho sàng-sṳ ngìn-khiéu tha̍t 747,290 ngìn; yì kâi sàng-sṳ só chhú ke Randstad tû-sṳ khiên, thai-yok-yû 670 van-ngìn-khiéu, he Êu-chû thi 6 thai tû-sṳ khiên.

Khì miàng-chhṳ̂n ngièn yî Amstel dam, ^[1] liá péu mìn liáu kâi sàng-sṳ ke hí-ngièn: yit-ke vi-yî Amstel-hò sông ke súi pa, chit kîm Dam kóng-chhòng tsí. 12 Sṳ-ki vân-khì yit-ke séu n̂g chhûn kien yî chhṳ́, yì heu yù yî mo-yi ke sín mâng fat-chán, Amsterdam chhai Hò-làn Vòng-kîm sṳ̀-thoi yit chhiok yì sṳ̀n-vì sṳ-kie sông chui chhùng-yeu ke kóng-khiéu. Chhai nâ ke sṳ̀-thoi, kâi sàng he kîm-yùng fò chon sa̍k ke chûng-sîm. ^[2] 19 fò 20 Sṳ-ki, kâi sàng Khok-chán, hí-tô sîn ke kiê fông lâu khiûn kau chhu tshe̍t khî hìn-sṳ̀n.

Amsterdam he Hò-làn ke kîm-yùng fò vùn-fa sú-tû ^[3]. Hí-tô Hò-làn Thai-hîn kî-kèu ke Chúng-phu tû sat yî chhṳ́, khì-chûng pâu-koat Philips fò ING tén 7 kâ sṳ-kie 500 khiòng khî-ngia̍p ke Chúng-phu ^[4]. Chok-vì fàm êu kâu-yi só ke yit phu-fûn, Amsterdam chṳn-khèn kâu-yi-só chhô-lo̍k yî sàng-sṳ chûng-sîm. Amsterdam yû hó-tô lî-yû kín tiám, pâu-koat Li̍t-sṳ́ yû-kiú ke Yun-hò mióng, Hò-làn koet-kâ Pok-vu̍t kwón, Van Gogh Pok-vu̍t-kwón, Anne Frank chṳ̂ kâ, fùng tên khî yî-khi̍p hí-tô thai-mà kâ-pî kwón. Mî-ngièn yû thai-yok 420 van yû-hak lòi chhṳ́ kôn-kông ^[5].

Li̍t-sṳ́

Thi-lî

Vùn-fa

Kau-yuk

Kín-tiám

Kîn-chi

Ngìn-khiéu

Sa-fi

Kâu-thûng

↑ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Vol 1, p896-898.
↑ [1] Capitals of Capital -A History of International Financial Centres - 1780–2005, Youssef Cassis, ISBN 978-0-521-84535-9
↑ (Yîn-ngî) chhai 1985-ngièn ke Athens fò 1986-ngièn ke Firenze chṳ̂-heu, Amsterdam yî 1986-ngièn tông-sién Êu-chû vùn-fa chṳ̂ tû, pin kiúng ku liáu kì chhai Hò-làn nái chṳ Êu-chû vùn-fa kie ke thi-vi. Tiám kit liá-vi cho-tet chhà-khon khiûn-ngièn Êu-chû vùn-fa sú-tû ke lie̍t-péu.
↑ (Yîn-ngî)"Forbes Global 2000 Largest Companies - Dutch rankings". Forbes.Com. 2008-04-02. 2009-02-05 chhà-khon.
↑ (Yîn-ngî)"Amsterdam - Economische Zaken". Economische Zaken. Archived from the original on 2009-02-15. 2009-02-05 chhà-khon.

[Britannica_Eleven-1] Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Vol 1, p896-898.

[2] [1] Capitals of Capital -A History of International Financial Centres - 1780–2005, Youssef Cassis, ISBN 978-0-521-84535-9

[3] (Yîn-ngî) chhai 1985-ngièn ke Athens fò 1986-ngièn ke Firenze chṳ̂-heu, Amsterdam yî 1986-ngièn tông-sién Êu-chû vùn-fa chṳ̂ tû, pin kiúng ku liáu kì chhai Hò-làn nái chṳ Êu-chû vùn-fa kie ke thi-vi. Tiám kit liá-vi cho-tet chhà-khon khiûn-ngièn Êu-chû vùn-fa sú-tû ke lie̍t-péu.

[4] (Yîn-ngî)"Forbes Global 2000 Largest Companies - Dutch rankings". Forbes.Com. 2008-04-02. 2009-02-05 chhà-khon.

[5] (Yîn-ngî)"Amsterdam - Economische Zaken". Economische Zaken. Archived from the original on 2009-02-15. 2009-02-05 chhà-khon.

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