"Europium" siû-thin kiên ke chhâ-phe̍t
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無編輯摘要 |
無編輯摘要 |
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Thi 1 hàng:
{{Infobox element
|number=63
|symbol=Eu
|name=europium
|left=[[samarium]]
|right=[[gadolinium]]
|above=–
|below=[[americium|Am]]
|series=lanthanum-hi
|period=6
|group=n/a
|block=f
|image name=Europium.jpg
|appearance=silvery white, with a pale yellow tint;<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw|page=112}}</ref> but rarely seen without oxide discoloration
|atomic mass=151.964
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=1
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[xenon|Xe]]] 4f<sup>7</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
|phase=ku-thí
|density gpcm3nrt=5.264
|density gpcm3mp=5.13
|melting point K=1099
|melting point C=826
|melting point F=1519
|boiling point K=1802
|boiling point C=1529
|boiling point F=2784
|heat fusion=9.21
|heat vaporization=176
|heat capacity=27.66
|vapor pressure 1=863
|vapor pressure 10=957
|vapor pressure 100=1072
|vapor pressure 1 k=1234
|vapor pressure 10 k=1452
|vapor pressure 100 k=1796
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=body-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''3''', '''2''', 1
|oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.2
|electronegativity comment=
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=547.1
|ionization energy 2=1085
|ionization energy 3=2404
|atomic radius=180
|covalent radius=198±6
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ
|electrical resistivity=poly: 0.900
|electrical resistivity comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|thermal conductivity=est. 13.9
|thermal expansion=poly: 35.0
|thermal expansion comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|Young's modulus=18.2
|Shear modulus=7.9
|Bulk modulus=8.3
|Poisson ratio=0.152
|Vickers hardness=165–200
|CAS number=7440-53-1
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=150 | sym=Eu
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E s|36.9 y]]
| dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=2.261 | link1=samarium-150 | pn=150 | ps=Sm}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=151 | sym=Eu
| na=47.8% | hl=5×10<sup>18</sup> y
| dm=[[alpha emission|α]] | de=1.9644 | link1=promethium-147 | pn=147 | ps=Pm}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=152 | sym=Eu
| na=syn | hl=[[1 E s|13.54 y]]
| dm1=ε | de1=1.874 | link1=samarium-152 | pn1=152 | ps1=Sm
| dm2=[[Beta minus decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de2=1.819 | link2=gadolinium-152 | pn2=152 | ps2=Gd}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=153 | sym=Eu | na=52.2% | hl=– | dm=(α) | de=0.2736 | link1=promethium-149 | pn=149 | ps=Pm }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=154 | sym=Eu | na=syn | hl=8.59 y | dm=β<sup>−</sup> |de=1.969 |link1=gadolinium-154 | pn=154 | ps=Gd }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=155 | sym=Eu | na=syn | hl=4.76 y | dm=β<sup>−</sup> |de=0.253 |link1=gadolinium-155 | pn=155 | ps=Gd }}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|naming=after [[Europe]]
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Eugène-Anatole Demarçay]]
|discovery date=1896
|first isolation date=1901
}}
'''Europium''' he yit-chúng [[fa-ho̍k ngièn-su]], fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì '''Eu''', ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he '''63'''.
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