"Lanthanum" siû-thin kiên ke chhâ-phe̍t
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Thi 1 hàng:
{{Infobox element
|number=57
|symbol=La
|name=lanthanum
|left=[[barium]]
|right=[[cerium]]
|above=–
|below=[[actinium|Ac]]
|series=lanthanum-hi
|series comment=sometimes considered a [[transition metal]]
|period=6
|group=n/a
|block=f
|image name=Lanthanum-2.jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|atomic mass=138.90547
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=7
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[xenon|Xe]]] 5d<sup>1</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2
|phase=ku-thí
|density gpcm3nrt=6.162
|density gpcm3mp=5.94
|melting point K=1193
|melting point C=920
|melting point F=1688
|boiling point K=3737
|boiling point C=3464
|boiling point F=6267
|heat fusion=6.20
|heat vaporization=400
|heat capacity=27.11
|vapor pressure 1=2005
|vapor pressure 10=2208
|vapor pressure 100=2458
|vapor pressure 1 k=2772
|vapor pressure 10 k=3178
|vapor pressure 100 k=3726
|vapor pressure comment=(extrapolated)
|crystal structure=double hexagonal close packed
|oxidation states='''3''', 2, 1
|oxidation states comment=(a strongly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.10
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=538.1
|ionization energy 2=1067
|ionization energy 3=1850.3
|atomic radius=187
|covalent radius=207±8
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 615
|electrical resistivity comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|thermal conductivity=13.4
|thermal expansion=α, poly: 12.1
|thermal expansion comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|speed of sound rod at 20=2475
|Young's modulus=α form: 36.6
|Shear modulus=α form: 14.3
|Bulk modulus=α form: 27.9
|Poisson ratio=α form: 0.280
|Mohs hardness=2.5
|Vickers hardness=360–1750
|Brinell hardness=350–400
|CAS number=7439-91-0
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=137 | sym=La
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E8 s|6×10<sup>4</sup> y]]
| dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.600 | link1=barium-137 | pn=137 | ps=Ba}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=138 | sym=La
| na=0.090% | hl=[[1 E16 s|1.05×10<sup>11</sup> y]]
| dm1=ε | de1=1.737 | link1=barium-138 | pn1=138 | ps1=Ba
| dm2=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de2=1.044 | link2=cerium-138 | pn2=138 | ps2=Ce}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=139 | sym=La | na=99.910% | hl=– | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=<38.944 | pn= | ps= }}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovered by=[[Carl Gustaf Mosander]]
|discovery date=1838
}}
'''Lanthanum''' he yit-chúng [[fa-ho̍k ngièn-su]], fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì '''La''', ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he '''57'''.
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