"Kap" siû-thin kiên ke chhâ-phe̍t
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Thi 1 hàng:
{{Infobox element
|name=Kap
|enname=potassium
|alt name=
|number=19
|symbol=K
|left=[[argon]]
|right=[[Koi]]
|above=[[Na̍p|Na]]
|below=[[rubidium|Rb]]
|series=kán-kîm-su̍k
|series comment=
|group=1
|period=4
|block=s
|series color=
|appearance=silvery gray
|image name=Potassium.JPG
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=Potassium Spectrum.jpg
|image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of potassium
|atomic mass=39.0983
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=1
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[argon|Ar]]] 4s<sup>1</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 8, 1
|color=
|phase=ku-thí
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=0.862
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3mp=0.828
|melting point K=336.7
|melting point C=63.5
|melting point F=146.3
|boiling point K=1032
|boiling point C=759
|boiling point F=1398
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=2223
|critical point MPa=16
|critical point ref=<ref>{{RubberBible92nd|page=4.122}}</ref>
|heat fusion=2.33
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=76.9
|heat capacity=29.6
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=body-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''+1''', −1
|oxidation states comment=(a strongly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=0.82
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=418.8
|ionization energy 2=3052
|ionization energy 3=4420
|atomic radius=227
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=203±12
|Van der Waals radius=275
|magnetic ordering=paramagnetic
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=72
|thermal conductivity=102.5
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=83.3
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=2000
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=3.53
|Shear modulus=1.3
|Bulk modulus=3.1
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=0.4
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=0.363
|CAS number=7440-09-7
|isotopes=
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=39 | sym=K | na=93.26% | n=20 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=40 | sym=K | na=0.012% | hl=[[1 E16 s|1.248(3)×10<sup>9</sup> y]] |
dm1=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=1.311 | link1=calcium-40 | pn1=40 | ps1=Ca |
dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=1.505 | link2=argon-40 | pn2=40 | ps2=Ar |
dm3=[[positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de3=1.505 | pn3=40 | ps3=Ar }}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=41 | sym=K | na=6.73% | n=22 |firstlinks=no}}
|isotopes comment=
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Humphry Davy]]
|discovery date=1807
}}
'''Kap''' (鉀) he yit-tsúng [[Fa-ho̍k]] [[Ngièn-su]], fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì '''K''', ngièn-tsṳ́ su-muk he '''19''', tshai [[Ngièn-su Tsû-khì péu]] chûng thi-sṳ̍p-kiú vi.
{{Ngièn-su Tsû-khì-péu}}
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