"Liù-vòng" siû-thin kiên ke chhâ-phe̍t

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{{Infobox element
[[File:S-TableImage.svg|right|thumb|Liù]]
|name=Liù-vòng
[[File:Soufresicile2.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Liù-vòng]]
|enname=sulfur
[[File:Burning-sulfur.png|right|thumb|250px|Liù-vòng]]
|alt name =
[[File:Sulfur.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Liù-vòng]]
|alt names =
[[File:Cyclooctasulfur-above-3D-balls.png|right|thumb|200px|Liù-vòng]]
|number=16
 
|symbol=S
'''Liù-vòng'''(硫磺) he yit-tsúng ngièn-su, tì ngièn-su tsû-khì péu chûng ke [[Fa-ho̍k]] fù-ho he '''S''' Lâ-tên-ngî: "Sulfur" ke sok-siá. Liù-vòng he yit-tsúng fî-sòng sòng-kien ke mò-mi ke [[Fî-kîm-su̍k]], sùn-tsṳn ke liù-vòng he [[vòng-set]] tsṳ̂ thí-kiet. Liù-vòng yû tô-lui ke fa-ha̍p-ka, sòng-kien ke yû -2, 0, +4, +6 tén-tén. Tshṳ-yèn-kie kîn-sòng yû Liù-fa-vu̍t fe̍t-tsá Liù-sôn-yàm ke hìn-sṳt tshut-hien, ya-voi tshai [[fó-sân]] thi-khî sùn-tsṳ̂n ke liù-vòng tì tshṳ-yèn-kie tshut-hien。
|left=[[Lìn]]
|right=[[Liu̍k]]
|above=[[Yông|O]]
|below=[[selenium|Se]]
|series=tô-ngièn-chṳ́ fî-kîm-su̍k
|series comment=
|group=16
|period=3
|block=p
|series color=
|appearance=lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
|image name=Sulfur-sample.jpg
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=Sulfur Spectrum.jpg
|image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of sulfur
|atomic mass=32.06
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="CIAAW">[http://www.ciaaw.org/pubs/TSAW2013_xls.xls Conventional Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=
|atomic mass comment=(32.059–32.076)<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|electron configuration=&#91;[[neon|Ne]]&#93; 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>4</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 6
|color=
|phase=ku-thí
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=alpha: 2.07
|density gpcm3nrt 2=beta: 1.96
|density gpcm3nrt 3=gamma: 1.92
|density gpcm3mp=1.819
|melting point K=388.36
|melting point C=115.21
|melting point F=239.38
|boiling point K=717.8
|boiling point C=444.6
|boiling point F=832.3
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=1314
|critical point MPa=20.7
|heat fusion=mono: 1.727
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=mono: 45
|heat capacity=22.75
|vapor pressure 1=375
|vapor pressure 10=408
|vapor pressure 100=449
|vapor pressure 1 k=508
|vapor pressure 10 k=591
|vapor pressure 100 k=717
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=orthorhombic
|oxidation states='''6''', 5, '''4''', 3, '''2''', [[Disulfur dichloride|1]], −1, '''−2'''
|oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;strongly [[acid]]ic oxide)
|electronegativity=2.58
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=999.6
|ionization energy 2=2252
|ionization energy 3=3357
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=105±3
|Van der Waals radius=180
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book| url=http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | title=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics| publisher=CRC press| isbn=0849304814| year=2000}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=2&times;10<sup>15</sup>&nbsp;
|electrical resistivity at 20 comment=(amorphous)
|thermal conductivity=0.205
|thermal conductivity comment=(amorphous)
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=7.7
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=2.0
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=
|CAS number=7704-34-9
|isotopes=
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=32 | sym=S | na=95.02% | n=16 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=33 | sym=S | na=0.75% | n=17 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=34 | sym=S | na=4.21% | n=18 |firstlinks=no}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=35 | sym=S | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E6 s|87.32&nbsp;d]] | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.167 | link1=chlorine-35 | pn=35 | ps=Cl}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=36 | sym=S | na=0.02% | n=20 |firstlinks=no}}
|isotopes comment=
<!-- HISTORY -->
|predicted by=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=[[Ancient_china#Ancient_era|Chinese]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.georgiagulfsulfur.com/sulfur/history |title=Sulfur History |publisher=Georgiagulfsulfur.com |date= |accessdate=2008-09-12}}</ref>
|discovery date=before 2000 BCE
|first isolation by=
|first isolation date=
|named by=
|named date=
|history comment label=Recognized as an [[chemical element|element]] by
|history comment=[[Antoine Lavoisier]] (1777)
}}
'''Liù-vòng''' (硫磺) he yit-tsúng ngièn-su, tì ngièn-su tsû-khì péu chûng ke [[Fa-ho̍k]] fù-ho he '''S''' Lâ-tên-ngî: "Sulfur" ke sok-siá. Liù-vòng he yit-tsúng fî-sòng sòng-kien ke mò-mi ke [[Fî-kîm-su̍k]], sùn-tsṳn ke liù-vòng he [[vòng-set]] tsṳ̂ thí-kiet. Liù-vòng yû tô-lui ke fa-ha̍p-ka, sòng-kien ke yû -2, 0, +4, +6 tén-tén. Tshṳ-yèn-kie kîn-sòng yû Liù-fa-vu̍t fe̍t-tsá Liù-sôn-yàm ke hìn-sṳt tshut-hien, ya-voi tshai [[fó-sân]] thi-khî sùn-tsṳ̂n ke liù-vòng tì tshṳ-yèn-kie tshut-hien.
{{Ngièn-su Tsû-khì-péu}}